The main ways to earn rent, what they cost, how rental income is taxed and the risks landlords take on
Rental income is money paid for the use of something you own — most often property, but also parking, storage, a car or equipment. It can be steady, but it is rarely as hands-off as it sounds: tenants, repairs, vacancies and local rules all come with it.
A long-term rental leases a home or apartment, usually for a year at a time. Short-term rentals through platforms such as Airbnb can charge more per night but need more work and are restricted or banned in many cities; New York City, for example, has required host registration for most stays under 30 days since 2023. "House hacking" means buying a two-to-four-unit property, living in one unit and renting the others; FHA loans allow owner-occupants of such properties to put down as little as 3.5% with qualifying credit. Renting a spare room, parking space or storage is the lowest-cost way to start.
The "1% rule" (monthly rent of at least 1% of the purchase price) is a rough screen, not an answer. What matters is cash flow after the mortgage, taxes, insurance, repairs, vacancies and management — and many landlords budget several percent of rent for each of the last three.
Rent is taxable, and so are certain tenant-paid expenses and advance rent. Landlords report it on Schedule E and can deduct mortgage interest, property tax, repairs, insurance and depreciation — residential buildings are depreciated over 27.5 years. Short-term rentals where you provide hotel-like services can be treated as a business instead. IRS Topic 414 is the starting point.
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) own income-producing property and must pay out at least 90% of their taxable income as dividends. They trade like shares, need no landlord work and can be bought in small amounts, but their prices fall as well as rise and their dividends are mostly taxed as ordinary income.
You may also find these useful: Residual Income and P2P Lending and Real Estate Crowdfunding Explained.
For tax purposes rental activity is generally passive, with special rules for people who actively participate or are real estate professionals. In practice it involves real work unless you pay a property manager.
Usually, yes. There is a narrow exception for renting a home for fewer than 15 days in a year; otherwise report the rent and deduct the share of expenses that applies to the rented space.
Tax rules, limits and pay data change. Check the current figures with the primary source before acting on them.